"Traitor": the Challenges of Hollywood and the Muslim World
Today's guest blogger, Dr. Cynthia P. Schneider, teaches, publishes, and organizes initiatives in the field of cultural diplomacy, with a focus on relations with the Muslim world. For the Brookings Institution, she leads the Arts and Culture Initiative within the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, which seeks to maximize the potential of arts and culture to increase understanding between the United States and the Muslim world. Dr. Schneider teaches courses in Diplomacy and Culture at Georgetown University, where, from 1984-2005, she was a member of the art history faculty and published on Rembrandt and seventeenth century Dutch art. From 1998-2001, she served as U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands. During the 1980s, Dr. Schneider curated exhibitions at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston and the National Gallery in Washington. Dr. Schneider received her B.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard University.
"When will Hollywood develop a social conscience?" asked a participant at a recent Washington D.C. preview of the Don Cheadle film Traitor, which opened Wednesday, August 27th. Sponsored by the 21st Century Defense Initiative at the Brookings Institution, the event brought together policy makers, and representatives from Embassies and Muslim advocacy groups, for a screening followed by a discussion featuring writer/director Jeffrey Nachmanoff, actor Guy Pearce, and Brookings Senior Fellow Peter Singer.
The audience's questions, which also included queries about why the film did not explore the root causes of terrorism, and feature more moderate Muslims, point up the conundrum of American popular culture. Its influence far exceeds that of the U.S. government; yet its purpose is to entertain - not educate much less repair America's reputation throughout the world. American film companies, and the parent companies and conglomerates that own many of them, are obligated first and foremost to their shareholders. They must make a profit, and to do this, they need to tell compelling stories. That does not mean that films can't be thought provoking and instructive while they entertain; they can and do. Think of the "teaching moment " in You Don't Mess with the Zohan, when a group of neighbors realize the idiocy of importing Middle East conflicts to the streets of New York, where they are all Americans. A film featuring Adam Sandler as a former Israeli Special Forces Soldier seeking a new life as a hair stylist in New York would hardly seem to be a vehicle for meta-messages about the Arab Israeli conflict, but that is the beauty of it.
Traitor and Zohan have the capacity to go beyond "preaching to the choir". Traitor is targeting the Bourne Identity audience, according to writer/director Jeffrey Nachmanoff, while Zohan was nominated for a Teen Choice Award. Both have to deliver what their audiences expect: an action-packed thriller for the Traitor audience and an Adam Sandler comedy for Zohan. As Nachmanoff explained, he fought hard to make the main character of Traitor an African-American Muslim -- the first such lead in a feature film -- instead of the more traditional white hero initially called for in the script (drafted by Steve Martin). As a devout Muslim, Cheadle's character, Samir Horn, makes room for the sub plot about the battle for Islam between moderate believers and violent extremists. Samir even quotes the Koran to argue against the actions of the terrorists. At one point, Guy Pearce, as FBI agent Roy Clayton, notes that Christianity has extremists, too - pretty provocative stuff for a mass audience thriller. If Traitor contextualized its plot with a brief history of the roots of terrorism and included a smattering of moderate Muslims, it would not succeed as 'edge of your seat' entertainment.
Still, the audience comments at the Traitor screening raise intriguing questions for the next administration. Given the tremendous reach of American popular culture, are there ways to harness its power to reflect more accurately the diversity of people and perspectives that characterize the U.S.? We all have heard the stories about people wanting to come to America because they believe it will be just like "Baywatch", the most popular TV show of all time. How to balance the needs of for profit entertainment with the fact that it, nonetheless, shapes views of America and its people?
The problem is magnified by the unique nature of culture in the U.S.: in no other country is government support and control so minimal, and the private sector so dominant. Commercial culture comprises one of the U.S.'s most significant exports. When I served as U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands (1998-2001), aerospace products were the leading export, and the government spent considerable time and funds targeting the sales of particular products to specific countries. Yet, we leave the "soft power" influence of film, television, literature, music, and the performing arts entirely up to the private sector. The foreign audiences who see "Baywatch" and every "Rambo" movie often do not realize that a distribution company, not the U.S. government was responsible for their viewing pleasure.
As various models for public-private public diplomacy funds and agencies are being floated around Washington, wouldn't it make sense to think of supplementing -- not replacing -- commercial distribution with some targeted, strategic distribution of entertainment products? This would require some funding and planning, but not the major expense of making the films and TV shows. It has occurred on a modest level in the past, for example, when copies of the film Amistad were sent to many U.S. Embassies for screenings. Some films which contain (subliminal) messages we would like foreign audiences to receive may require additional distribution funds. Nachmanoff noted that films with African American stars tend not to do well abroad. If we want foreign audiences to see Traitor, the first American film with a Muslim lead, it may require more than the commercial distribution system.
The content of this blog reflects the views of its author and does not necessarily reflect the views of either Eboo Patel or the Interfaith Youth Core.
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September 3, 2008; 6:25 PM ET
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Posted by: NOT TAKING THE BAIT | September 10, 2008 1:39 PM
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Georgiason: My, my, you "real Americans" sure have a lot of time on your hands to fulminate.
As I noted already: "If you want to work together to combat bigotry wherever it is and whatever the source - be it Saudi Arabia, Iran, Israel, Russia, China or the US, that's fine."
You'll notice that I included Saudi Arabia in the list. Your problem with me therefore seems not to be that I excuse away Saudi actions which foment extremism - because I do not. Your problem with me seems to be that I dare include non-Muslim communities and countries on the list of those who perpetrate bigotry as well.
Until you take off the blinders that allow you to only see and become agitated by that intolerance which comes from some Muslims, you will remain part of the problem. Q. E. D.
Posted by: NOT TAKING THE BAIT | September 10, 2008 1:24 PM
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Well, "NOT TAKING THE BAIT:"
Thank you for proving every point I made. You are so over the top, your "points" require no long rebuttal. Just for the record:
1. The issue is not the Koran or the selective use of its verses. The issue is a particularly Saudi textbook.
2. What intellectual dishonesty to switch, within one sentence, from talking about the growth of Islam worldwide to talking about the growth of non-white minorities in America, in an attempt to prove that I, somehow, need to adjust to a brave new world. Talk about apples and oranges! Were you trying to leave the impression that the growth of non-white minorities in the U.S. somehow means the overall increase in Muslims? You failed.
3. Your second paragraph is such a mish mash of non-sequiturs, it defies rational analysis. I'll try, anyway. The issue is not what textbooks you have or have not read. Let me repeat: The issue is a particular textbook used by particular schools all over the world, including the U.S. What part of that do you not understand?
3. Did somebody ask you to apologize for the Saudis? We real Americans are asking for your opinion on a particular Saudi textbook and on the schools in the U.S. that use it. Hint: Tell us that you, too, are appalled that the Saudis continue to fund the publication of this textbook and its use worldwide. Tell us that you are appalled at the U.S. schools that use it. Tell us that you intend to contact the ISA school in Virginia and tell them to stop using it. (Let me know if you need any further guidance on how a real American would respond to this issue. I'll be glad to help you).
4. No racial or religious group that I belong to is publishing or using a textbook full of extremist ideology and hate-mongering. Therefore, I have no need to react one way or the other.
5. Your last paragraph is a classic of creating a strawman--and then mirror imaging it! You state that you are against bigotry. And then you display bigotry by accusing me and Ms. Shea of being on an anti-Muslim crusade! What possible evidence do you have to make such a blanket charge? All we have done is comment on the FACT of Saudi backing of a particular textbook.
I had already replied next door in Post Global to another Muslim critic. Since every word applies to you as well, let me repeat it:
KATE on September 5, 2008 11:35AM replied to critical remarks about Islam in this forum by stating:
"I think these irresponsible and un-supported accusations do more to create the problem they supposedly want to combat than resolve it. Isn't our country better than this?"
Kate also praised the ISA school, its faculty and students.
Kate, had you read my remarks before you posted your comment? Because you have reinforced every point I made about how Muslims deal with criticism by simply ignoring the FACTS and going off on some meaningless rant about the glories of Islam and the base motives of any who criticize Islam. And there you go again, doing exactly that!
As others have noted, you completely ignore the FACTS that led to Ms. Shea's commentary. You make no mention of the Saudi textbook, which is what this forum is all about. You make no effort to engage others on the central issue. You abandon any semblance of rational discourse and resort to evasion and obscuratinism.
That's exactly what makes you, other so-called moderate Muslims, and the faculty and students at ISA so dangerous. You have the bifurcated, compartmented minds that are tailor-made to produce extremism and violence in the name of some cause. Particularly religion. Case in point: How was it that the German people, who gave us Beethoven, Wagner, Goethe, Thomas Mann, and great literature, great science, great medicine--could have given the world Adolph Hitler and the Nazis? Because, like you and apparently most Muslims, they had compartmented brains. One part of their brain existed in the rational world where reason and logic held sway. The other part lived in a dream-like world removed from reality, where demagoguery and emotional appeals to mystical myths from their past held sway. Hitler and the Nazis knew how to exploit that realm from which reason and logic had fled.
Does that not describe you to a "T?" You do not use the rational side of your brain to engage the FACT of the Saudi textbook. The irrational side of your brain takes over, and you rush without thought to defend what you perceive as an unnecessary attack on your founding myth--just like the Germans rallied behind the Nazis.
I say again: The FACT that even you, the students and faculty at ISA, and apparently most Muslims in America are locked into this pattern of thought and behavior makes you a clear and present danger to the American way of life.
Posted by: GeorgiaSon | September 6, 2008 7:21 AM
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Georgiason, you are on the wrong side of history. You don't like hundreds of quotes from the holy book of Islam demonstrating that, like all other holy books, its passages can be selectively excerpted to make virtually any point - violent or peace-loving. You don't like Muslim Americans period. Well Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world and non-white minorities will make up the majority of the US population within 50 years according to US census figures, so you might want to get used to a brave new world.
As for Saudi textbooks, I was raised Muslim and never read or was presented with a single one. I don't feel the need to apologize for what the Saudis do any more than I suspect you feel the need to apologize for the crimes and bigotry perpetrated by whatever racial or religious groups you happen to belong to.
If you want to work together to combat bigotry wherever it is and whatever the source - be it Saudi Arabia, Iran, Israel, Russia, China or the US, that's fine. But if, as it appears, you - like Ms. Shea - are on a solely anti-Muslim crusade, you will only remain part of the problem.
Posted by: Not Taking the Bait | September 5, 2008 11:58 AM
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If you've had enough of the Americans-as-Philistines from the so-called moderate Muslim wing, I suggest you go next door to Post Global, where Jack Fairweather's blog has an article about the fact that Saudi textbooks used at Islamic schools worldwide--including in the United States--say that killing gays, Jews, and unbelievers is OK.
Here is my comment on Nina Shea's article:
The comments posted by Muslims in this blog are unbelievable as rational discourse. Ms. Shea posted a commentary based on the simple fact that Saudi textbooks teach the extremist, jihad-loving doctrines that provide the ideological foundation of Islamic extremism and terrorism worldwide. Do Muslims react in horror to this FACT and resolve to do something about it?
On the contrary, out come the whole panoply of Muslim arguments that, at best, tell us why we should tolerate those textbooks, and--at worst--legitimize and rationalize those extremist teachings. We are treated, once more, to the standard Muslim tactics used by so-called moderate Muslims to try to get around these unpleasant FACTS about Islam. Up front is the deliberate obscuratinism. Hundreds and hundreds of words, paragraph after paragraph, are devoted to quoting Koranic verses and Islamic scholars and citing alleged acts of compassion by Mohhamad, in the apparent belief that the truth can be hidden beneath all this rubbish. Then there is the other standard tactic: claim that Muslims, whatever their sins, are really no worse than Christians, Jews, and Americans. Cite acts that happened hundreds and even thousands of years ago to prove your case.
By using these transparent tactics, "moderate" Muslims accomplish the opposite of what they intended. They validate the original charge, by showing they have no valid argument to refute it. They shoot themselves in the foot.
The truth will not go away. Muslim schools worldwide, including those in the United States, use Saudi textbooks that preach an extremist, hate-mongering version of Islam.
On this FACT alone, I repeat my first-step solution: limit the number of Muslims that reside in the United States at any one time.
Posted by: Georgiason | September 5, 2008 10:07 AM
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Georgiason: My, my, you "real Americans" sure do have a lot of time on your hands to fulminate.
As I wote previously: "If you want to work together to combat bigotry wherever it is and whatever the source - be it Saudi Arabia, Iran, Israel, Russia, China or the US, that's fine."
You'll note that I included Saudi Arabia in the list. Your problem with me therefore seems not to be that I excuse Saudi actions that foment extremism, for I do not. Your problem with me seems to be that I dare to include non-Muslims in the list of those whose bigotry we need to combat.
Until you remove the blinders that allow you to only see and become agitated by intolerance stemming from Muslim societies, you will remain, as stated previously, part of the problem.
Q. E. D.