Catholic Bishops' Advice on Afghanistan
THIS CATHOLIC'S VIEW
By Thomas J. Reese, S.J.
As President Obama ponders U.S. goals, strategy and tactics in Afghanistan, the U.S. Catholic bishops have offered him the perspective of Catholic teaching and experience in an October 7 letter to his national security adviser, General James L. Jones.
While acknowledging that they are not military experts, the letter from Bishop Howard J. Hubbard, chair of the bishops' Committee on International Justice and Peace, presents analysis and recommendations that the administration would do well to ponder.
Bishop Hubbard recognizes that the situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan has reached a critical juncture. "Should these states fail, particularly with Pakistan possessing nuclear weapons, there are grave implications for regional and international security," he writes. At the same time, he acknowledges corruption and electoral fraud have led many, including Afghans, to question the legitimacy of the current government.
Hubbard recognizes the need to respond to terrorism, but argues that the resolve to do what is necessary must be combined with "the restraint to ensure that we act justly, and the vision to focus on broader issues of poverty and injustice that are unscrupulously exploited by terrorists in gaining recruits."
Referring back to a November 14, 2001, statement by the bishops, "Living with Faith and Hope after September 11," Hubbard also reminds the general that "probability of success," an essential criteria of the just war theory, is "particularly difficult to measure in dealing with an amorphous, global terrorist network. Therefore, special attention must be given to developing criteria for when it is appropriate to end military action in Afghanistan."
In "Living with Faith and Hope after September 11," the bishops listed some of the principles that should guide U.S. actions in Afghanistan:
- Restrain use of military force and ensure that civilians are not targeted: When military force is used, it should be directed against terrorist or insurgent combatants, not at the Afghan people, and its use should be monitored. Military force must be discriminate and proportional, especially if our nation is to be perceived as acting justly and is to win popular support for the struggle against terrorism.
- Address the root causes of terrorism rather than relying solely on military means to solve conflict: Military force alone cannot deal with the terrorist threat. Non-military measures must be pursued to defend the common good, protect the innocent and advance peace. These non-military actions include addressing poverty and injustice, exercising diplomacy, and engaging in dialogue with Muslims.
- Encourage international collaboration to provide humanitarian assistance and rebuild Afghanistan: The United States, working with the UN and other interested parties, must deal with the long-standing humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan, especially Afghan refugees and displaced persons, and help Afghans rebuild their political, economic and cultural life.
In light of the current situation, the bishops recommend the following actions:
- Review the use of military force--when force is necessary to protect the innocent and resist terrorism--to insure that it is proportionate and discriminate;
- Develop criteria for when it is appropriate to end military action in Afghanistan;
- Focus more on diplomacy, long-term development (particularly agricultural programs), and humanitarian assistance;
- Strengthen local governance and participation of local groups in planning their own development; and
- Encourage international support to create effective national and local governments and to foster economic development.
The bishops complain that "too much development assistance appears to be directed to short-term security objectives or channeled through the military." This aid, often for building projects with little community involvement, is less effective in building stable communities and meeting the needs of the people.
The bishops note that Catholic Relief Services (CRS) has been working with local communities in Afghanistan on projects in agriculture, water, income generation, education and health since 1998. CRS has been successful in developing local partnerships, with local people determining their priorities and needs. As a result, their programs have greater support and even protection from local communities.
The bishops acknowledge that there are no easy answers to fighting terrorism and rebuilding Afghanistan, but they believe their teaching and the experience of CRS can enlighten the discussion.
What do you think? Do the bishops' suggestions make sense?
Thomas J. Reese, S.J., is Senior Fellow at Woodstock Theological Center at Georgetown University.
By Thomas J. Reese |
October 15, 2009; 11:01 AM ET
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Posted by: ccnl1 | October 18, 2009 10:28 AM
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Before they pen anything else, the bishops should read this:
"Christ = neoPharaoh in several ways:
Son of the Creator God: expressed (from Dyn.4 onward) as "Son of Re (i.e. the sun)". From the Middle Kingdom (c.2000-1750 BC) this supreme deity was construed as Amun-Re, i.e. transcendent hiddenness expressing itself in the reigning principle of nature, singular source of all light.
The fullness of the godhead: from pre-dynastic times, the Nilotic king was understood to be THE earthly manifestation of the cosmic lord Horus (whose name conveys something like "distant" and "above").
Incarnate Son of God: the epithet used to express this relation was "his (i.e. the creator god's) bodily son". When the king was referred to as incarnate god, the term used was "His (i.e. the god's) Person".
Beloved Son of God: the previous could be further qualified thus: "his bodily son, whom he loves".
Great high priest: in Egypt, the King was theoretically the ONLY ONE qualified to represent humanity to the divine, and the divine to humanity. In local temple cult, the king's role was delegated to priests, who were thus his proxies (like Roman Catholic priests are stand-ins for Christ in the Mass).
Begotten on a mortal mother by the creator god (cf. conception of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri, Amenophis III at Luxor).
Baptised: Ritually lustrated with "living" water (a nice example at Karnak shows Ramesses II being baptised with ankh signs by Horus - principle of rule - and Thoth - principle of records).
Crowned with many crowns: a common introductory epithet before cartouches is "lord (i.e. owner) of diadems".
Killed by the machinations of his demonic enemy (Osiris, the king-as-mortal, representing all kings in their death, murdered by the uncanny chaotic Seth.)
Mourned by faithful women who attend his burial (the dead king Osiris lamented by Isis and Nephthys).
Placed in a tomb and resurrected, emerging from the tomb to ascend to the sky (Pyramid Texts, Amduat, Book of Gates, Book of Caverns...etc.).
One part of a divine triad: Osiris (static ground of Being) + Re (perpetual Becoming) + the king (mediator between earth and heaven, who, in life and death, represents god to humanity, and humanity to god) (see Amduat, Book of Gates, Litany of Re, Book of Caverns).
Becoming joined to him leads to immortality: Every person, even the poorest, could be identified in death with Osiris, the paradigm deceased king, and thereby could overcome death, emerging from the tomb/grave just like he did (see Book of the Dead).
If there is an "OT" for the divinity of Christ, it is not the Tanakh, but the funerary texts of ancient Egypt. Now, didn't Moses and Pharaoh have something of a falling out?
Christianity didn't really take off among Jews, but was particularly popular in Roman Egypt. The way had been prepared... "
Posted by: Farnaz1Mansouri1 | October 18, 2009 2:50 AM
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Hmmm, the annual $4 billion/each we give to Israel and Egypt should be given to Pakistan for fighting the Taliban and al- Qaeda. And Afghanistan should allow Pakistan troops to cross its border to pursue these religious fruit cakes.
Posted by: ccnl1 | October 17, 2009 12:17 AM
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Right now, what Pakistan needs is infrastructure. NGO's are not helping with this and neither are the "lenders." Never have. It occurs to me that if the Catholic Church could raise hundreds of millions to pay off the families of pedophile priest victims in order to keep them quiet, they could raise say fifty million to build in Pakistan, and building there is cheap.
Afghanistan is too dangerous right now, although a few mil' would surely come in helpful as thousands have lost limbs due to senseless bombing.
Pass this missive along to Hubbard, please, Tom.
Posted by: Farnaz1Mansouri1 | October 16, 2009 8:18 PM
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Good ideas BUT this will also take a lot of money. Why is it that thoes groups that pay no tax are always up front in telling how taxes should be used on political issues? 501 (c) (3) of 1913
Posted by: usapdx | October 16, 2009 11:57 AM
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The Catholic Bishops said:
"Address the root causes of terrorism rather than relying solely on military means to solve conflict."
Apparently, said bishops have not read the koran, the root cause of Islamic terrorism!!! Until said book is cleansed of all references to "death to all infidels", no Muslim can be trusted.
Posted by: ccnl1 | October 15, 2009 4:16 PM
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Myths-
"Typical characteristics
The main characters in myths are usually gods or supernatural heroes.[11][12][13] As sacred stories, myths are often endorsed by rulers and priests (preachers, rabbis and imams) and closely linked to religion.[11] In the society in which it is told, a myth is usually regarded as a true account of the remote past.[11][14][15][12] In fact, many societies have two categories of traditional narrative—(1) "true stories", or myths, and (2) "false stories", or fables.[16] Myths generally take place in a primordial age, when the world had not yet achieved its current form.[11] They explain how the world gained its current form[17][18][7][19] and how customs, institutions, and taboos were established.[11][19]".
Story/myth/fable tellers have now been replaced by stand-up comics and late night show hosts making fun of said myths although we still tolerate the myths promulgated by kings, queens, priests, rabbis, preachers and imams. Big money to be made all of these "callings" with very few taking the vow of poverty.
The Bhagawat Geeta, OT, NT, koran and the Book of Mormon are good sources of said myths with "pretty, wingie, talking thingies" and their clones being in the top ten category.