Georgetown/On Faith

A Christmas prayer

Unorthodoxy
By Patrick J. Deneen

John Locke was the first great liberal defender of the idea of religious toleration, as well as the thinker who lies behind many of today's arguments that religion should be excluded from political considerations in "the public square." Locke is widely regarded in the academy as the great originator of liberal secularism. Yet, it was Locke - in a less-read work called The Reasonableness of Christianity - who argued that reason alone was insufficient to arrive at certain moral precepts held to be true by modern man, above all the belief in the inherent dignity of all human beings. What Locke knew - that reason provided insufficient basis for a belief in human dignity - many of Locke's epigones have forgotten. Yet it is a lesson with which we re-acquaint ourselves every year during the celebration of the birth of Jesus.

In The Reasonableness of Christianity, Locke wrote: "'tis our mistake to think, that ... we had the first certain knowledge of [truths] from [reason], and in that clear Evidence we now possess them. The contrary is manifest, in the defective Morality of the Gentiles before our Saviour's time.... Philosophy seemed to have spent its strength, and done its utmost...." In other words, the reason-based philosophy of the pre-Christians (such as Plato and Aristotle) went as far toward ascertaining morality as was possible, but still - from the perspective of those living after the birth of Christ - fell short.

Locke concluded that the unaided reason of ancient philosophy - truth available to all humans by reason alone that preceded the truth of Biblical revelation - was finally insufficient to discover the full scope of morality: "And we see, [reason] resolved not the doubts that had arisen amongst the Studious and Thinking Philosophers; Nor had yet been able to convince the Civilized parts of the World, that they had not given, nor could without a Crime, take away the Lives of Children, by Exposing them." Reason-based philosophy was insufficient to finding an argument against the exposure of babies, a conclusion that should strike many contemporaries as worrisome, particularly as the idea of human dignity today is undergoing a new, post-Christian reason-based assault.

Today many take for granted what the Enlightenment thinker John Locke did not permit himself to assume - that unaided "reason" is sufficient to discover and defend grounds of inherent and equal human dignity. Too easily we assume that this unique legacy of Christianity is easily translated into secular terms. Yet, many would be hard-pressed to articulate the grounds for human dignity without at some point relying upon the Christian inheritance that is often attacked or denied by many elites in today's formative institutions.

Perhaps, finally, the grounds for our inherited (and, perhaps, attenuating) belief in human dignity is best understood by reflecting upon the meaning of the events that are commemorated in the next several days - the birth of Jesus, the Emmanuel. For, when God becomes man - and a woman gives birth to God - then even in God's humiliation, all of humanity is elevated. For the first time, even the lowliest human is godlike, and God is to be found in all humans, no matter their place or position. Often lost in the culture war debates over creches and Christmas trees is the basic transformative fact that God was born of woman in a barn. The world, and humankind, was never the same.

A better expression of this idea might not be found than a prayer by Ian Oliver, pastor of the University Church at Yale University. I copy this from the Christmas Eve meditation in this years Magnificat. And, to let the words of Reverend Oliver be the last here for the year, I take this opportunity to wish readers a blessed and peaceful Christmas and a joyous New Year. Salvete.

A Christmas Prayer

On that holy night,
Somehow
It happened.

Somehow,
God took a handful of humanity:
Proud, petulant, passionate;
And a handful of divinity:
Undivided, inexpressible, incomprehensible:
And enclosed them in one small body.

Somehow, the all too human
Touched the divine.
And was not vaporized.
To be human was never the same,
But forever thereafter,
Carried a hint of its close encounter with the perfect.
and forever thereafter,
God was never the same,
But carried a hint of the passion of the mortal.

If God can lie down in a cattle-trough,
is any object safe from transformation?
If peasant girls can be mothers to God,
Is any life safe from the invasion of the eternal?

If all this could happen, O God,
What places of darkness on our earth
are pregnant with light waiting to be born this night?

If all this could happen, O God,
Then you could be, and are, anywhere, everywhere,
Waiting to be born this night in the most
unbelievable places,
Perhaps even in our own hearts. Amen.

Patrick J. Deneen is the Tsakopoulos-Kounalakis Associate Professor of Government and Founding Director of the Tocqueville Forum on the Roots of American Democracy at Georgetown University. Previously he taught at Princeton University from 1997-2005. He was Special Advisor and Speechwriter to the Director of the United States Information Agency from 1995-1997.

By Patrick J. Deneen |  December 24, 2009; 2:06 AM ET

 | Category:  Unorthodoxy Save & Share:  Send E-mail   Facebook   Twitter   Digg   Yahoo Buzz   Del.icio.us   StumbleUpon   Technorati  
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At this moment in our history the transformative idea we most desperately need is to acknowledge that there is in fact no "god", that we must stop indulging fantasy and take personal responsibility for our moral and material lives...

Posted by: razzl | December 30, 2009 11:02 AM
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"Today many take for granted what the Enlightenment thinker John Locke did not permit himself to assume - that unaided "reason" is sufficient to discover and defend grounds of inherent and equal human dignity." -- Patrick J. Deneen

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So what did that radical and innovative moral philosopher Jesus say against slavery, the ubiquitous 1st century practice that virtually institutionalized human inequality and indignity? Nothing. Not a word. His silence and the other Biblical authors' ambivalence on this subject was used by many of his followers to justify the continuation of this evil for another 18 centuries until unaided reason alone put a stop to it.

Christianity has always flourished among the downtrodden and disenfranchised so maybe it's no surprise that Jesus and his church had, and have, a vested interest in keeping them that way.

Posted by: cornbread_r2 | December 29, 2009 5:53 PM
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Locke was born before we had knowledge of our closest relatives, the great apes, and their social structure. Not to mention the habits of social animals everywhere.

And by saying that Jesus was born in a barn, you're choosing to believe only "Luke." "Matthew" has him born in a house in Bethlehem - with no mention of traveling there, or a census. No shepherds, either. And Luke has no flight into Egypt.

"Mark," "John," and Paul don't mention his birth at all.

The "Christmas Story" that most Christians have in their heads takes bits and pieces from Luke and Matthew and melds them into a third story - different from what either of them wrote. Dishonest at best.

Posted by: Pamsm | December 26, 2009 12:27 AM
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Cheers from a fellow Magnificat reader--a gem of a publication.

There is just no arguing with the fact Western civilization owes profound debts to Christian moral thought.

Blessings of the Incarnation to everyone!

Posted by: elizdelphi | December 24, 2009 5:57 PM
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A Hanukkah prayer:

That all watch Julia Sweeny's "Letting Go Of God" where she, in a humorous style, brings reality to the flaws and errors of the world's major religions especially Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism.

Posted by: ccnl1 | December 24, 2009 12:37 PM
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A Hanakkah prayer:

That all watch Julia Sweeny's "Letting Go Of God" where she, in a humorous style, brings reality to the flaws and errors of the world's major religions especially Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism.

Posted by: ccnl1 | December 24, 2009 12:36 PM
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A Christmas prayer:

The religionists, including the Catholic Church, will keep their hands off Congress.
This includes their representatives, such as Sen. Ben Nelson, who can be partially baught off.

That the Catholics will stop killing people in Afghanistan, Iraq and the rest of the world.

That Georgetown will decline funding from the oil companies and Saudi Arabia.

That priests will stop molesting children.

That Catholics will stop trying to control women's bodies.

That Catholics will stop lobbying the UN to cease distributing condoms in Africa and other countries.

That the Church will cease its anti-Jewish racism once and for all.

That the racist, sexist, homophobic NT will be reformed as so many have asked for (although not the Catholic HItler who used it for propaganda)

Amen

Posted by: Farnaz1Mansouri1 | December 24, 2009 8:39 AM
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Interesting that "the reason-based philosophy of the pre-Christians (such as Plato and Aristotle) went as far toward ascertaining morality as was possible, but still - from the perspective of those living after the birth of Christ - fell short." Why then did it take 1,500 years after the supposed birth of Christ to start advancing any further, with the Enlightenment? That is, coming out of the Dark Ages, 0000 to 1499, when the church had been in charge and stifled progess. In those 1,500 years, what kind of advancement beyond reason-based philosophy? Finally progress after 1,500 years, but thanks only to free thinkers who cast aside the chains of religion.

Posted by: harveyh5 | December 24, 2009 7:31 AM
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Should we really care what a professor from a university that sold its soul to the horror and terror religion of the 21st century i.e. Islam says about any subject??

What the professor should have said had he done the proper research:

Christmas, the embellished story of the birth of a simple, preacher man named Jesus.

As per most contemporary NT exegetes, his parents were Mary and Joseph although some say Jesus was a mamzer, the result of a pre-marital relationship between Mary and a Roman soldier.

http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/theories.html

Jesus was not born in Bethlehem at least the one we are familiar with and there were no pretty wingie thingies singing from on high, no slaughter of the innocents by Herod, no visiting wise men and no escape to Egypt.

"John P. Meier - Professor at Notre Dame

Meier [Marginal Jew I,216-219] notes that the "affirmation of Jesus' descent from David might easily be placed alongside his birth at Bethlehem as a theologoumenon (a theological insight narrated as a historical event) if it were not for the fact that numerous and diverse streams of NT tradition also affirm Jesus' Davidic lineage."

"Meier suggests that the belief that Jesus was "son of David" may have been held by Jesus' followers prior to his death, with his resurrection then being understood as a form of enthronement. However, he notes that such messianic views, whatever their provenance, cannot prove Jesus was "literally, biologically of Davidic stock."

http://wiki.faithfutures.org/index.php?title=007_Of_Davids_Lineage

Conclusion: the holyday of Christmas is historically a non-event. Ditto for the Feast of the Magi and the solemnity of Mary aka New Years day.

Posted by: ccnl1 | December 24, 2009 7:28 AM
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Christianity is the worship of a three-in-one god, born of a virgin that he impregnated himself, who then sacrificed himself on the cross, to himself, to spare his own creation from his own wrath.

So apt that the humanly insane would worship the divinely insane!

Seriously, Mary was NOT a virgin! And there is NO evidence (NONE, NADA, ZIPPO) in the gospels to show Jesus, if he ever lived, has his birthday on December 25th.

Get real people, this is the 21st century!

Posted by: HumanSimpleton | December 24, 2009 4:44 AM
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