Guest Voices

Religion Only One Factor in Nigeria Violence

Violence is the byproduct of religion plus politics, not religion alone. Even if one could imagine a world without religion, one can hardly imagine a world without politics. The striving for power surely deserves as much credit for the recent riots in Jos, Nigeria, as does the dogma of competing faith groups. Yet, all too often, news reports explain violence in terms of faith clashes.

In Jos, where I lived for many childhood years, rival groups burned churches and mosques over the weekend. Perhaps as many as 300 residents were killed.

Associated Press identified Jos as a city "situated in Nigeria's 'middle belt,' where members of hundreds of ethnic groups commingle in a band of fertile and hotly contested land separating the Muslim north from the predominantly Christian south."

"The fighting began as clashes between supporters of the region's two main political parties after the first local election in Jos in more than a decade," AP reported. "But the violence expanded along ethnic and religious fault lines, with Hausas [a predominantly Muslim ethnic group] and members of Christian ethnic groups doing battle."

Missing from the early AP and other reports was that the clash between the People's Democratic Party and the All Nigerian Peoples Party was more complicated than simply another clash along Muslim-Christian lines.

The head of the PDP is the president of Nigeria, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, a Muslim and former governor of a predominantly Muslim state in northern Nigeria. Nevertheless, BBC News refers to his party as a "mostly Christian-backed governing party."

Yar'Adua won the presidential election with the backing of former president Olusegun Obasanjo, long identified as a Baptist Christian.

On the other hand, the All Nigerian Peoples Party "is considered a predominantly Muslim party," according to Al Jazeera.

ANPP is a conservative political party drawing its support from northern Nigeria, which is overwhelmingly Muslim. Its presidential candidate in 2003 and 2007 was Muhammadu Buhari, a Muslim and member of the Fulani ethnic group.

A former military ruler of Africa's most populous nation, Buhari comes from the state of Katsina in the northernmost section of Nigeria--the very same state where Yar'Adua was governor.

However, ANPP's chairman is Edwin Ume-ezeoke, who is identified as a Christian.

Those realities create a texture that is far more complex than the easier narrative of Muslims vs. Christians. That storyline, applied to the Jos conflict, isn't fiction, but it's incomplete.

As people who believe that discernment and wisdom are high virtues, Christians must consider these Christian vs. Muslim narratives carefully. Inevitably, we first assign blame to Muslims. We forget too easily the theological truth about the universality of human sinfulness, and brand our faith as the one without fault, the one that "didn't start it."

In a post-9/11 global culture, we must guard against a simplistic truth that births distortion, fosters prejudice and triggers violence.

Yes, religion is a root-contributor to violence. Christians and Muslims do provoke one another. Islam and Christianity are used to justifying armed clashes. They don't bear the blame alone, however. Other social, economic and ideological forces deserve some credit, too.

Next time we hear news reports citing religion as the source of a fight, let's immediately ask: What are the other untold factors?

Robert Parham is executive director of the Baptist Center for Ethics.

By Robert Parham |  December 3, 2008; 12:35 PM ET Save & Share:  Send E-mail   Facebook   Twitter   Digg   Yahoo Buzz   Del.icio.us   StumbleUpon   Technorati  
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ROBERT PARHAM

You wrote, "Violence is the byproduct of religion plus politics, not religion alone.", actually it is a byproduct of the fact that we have free will, religion and politics are just two of the myriad of reasons that people use to justify their actions.

Then you wrote, " Even if one could imagine a world without religion, one can hardly imagine a world without politics.", considering that the bible says that "true religion" is taking care of widows and orphans which simply means we should all look out for each other, try imagining that kind of world, one without at least some "true religion".

Then you wrote, " The striving for power surely deserves as much credit for the recent riots in Jos, Nigeria, as does the dogma of competing faith groups.", two sides of the same coin isn't it?

Then you wrote, " We forget too easily the theological truth about the universality of human sinfulness, and brand our faith as the one without fault, the one that "didn't start it.", we have free will, what we do with it is each and every individual's choice.

Then you wrote, "Next time we hear news reports citing religion as the source of a fight, let's immediately ask: What are the other untold factors?", Jesus said something very interesting that pertains to this: "To be child-like", there is a world of difference between being childish and child-like.

Most if not all children are both child-like and childish in varying degrees but sometimes the most "mature" adults seem to act the most childish, something to think about.

Take care, be ready.

Sincerely, Thomas Paul Moses Baum.


Posted by: ThomasBaum | December 4, 2008 11:55 AM
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It is Isaac fighting against Ishmael, from the ancient times of the history of the Bible. In fact, the real representation of Isaac religiouly speaking is the Jewish people, but Christians derived from them. Religion in general is more to politics than to God as well. Just because all kinds of religion are created by very intelligent leaders, making use of their awareness to create rules, with the aim of controlling the masses, legitimating those rules with the idea that a certain god gave them these rules. The subordinated people will never question these rules because they are said to be given by a supernatural being able to destroy each individual and the planet itself! So, religions become dogmas that must not be broken or dismissed. The most powerful and intelligently created religion in the World in terms of the power to control the masses is Judaism. The second one is Islamism, and the third is Christianism. But certainly Judaism is the mother of the others. These religions are the triangle of the most dangerous religions in the World, too. But the root of every evil is Judaism alone. Wars of great meaning in general are politically and religiouly linked to these religions nowadays. And the World is afraid of the power Judaism imposed to it, by the concept that the Jews are God's chosen people and the registers of "powerful meracles and destruction made by their God." I think religion is inevitable because its power is over every single individual and because there is a claim from the inside to look for a cause for existence. Government in general is created by the linking of politics and religion as well and this is a dangerous thing. It is the war of good against evil. The World is lost without any chance to grow free from religion, and religion is a bad thing. It is a disaster! Just because, to admire Nature, the Creator and the Divine is not necessarily to be done religiously. Religion, as well as politics, makes the rethoric of governments, creates boundaries, individualism, puritanism, selfishness and WAR.

Posted by: Miguel1 | December 4, 2008 6:20 AM
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They key words here are "band of fertile and hotly contested land". This fight is all about resources. Religion just gives people more reason to fight. People fought over land when they were worshipping the Orishas, and they're doing it now that they're worshipping Jesus and Allah.

Posted by: Athena4 | December 3, 2008 11:46 PM
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