Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo
Director, Research Center for Religion in Society and Culture

Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo

Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo is Professor Emeritus of Puerto Rican and Latino Studies at Brooklyn College and Distinguished Scholar of the City University of New York.

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Structural Sin

If attitudes of pride, envy, gluttony, lust, anger, greed and sloth become normal and socially acceptable, they are more deadly than when found scattered among individuals.

One of the contributions to modern religion came from Latin America’s Theology of Liberation. In addition to traditional views of sin as committed by individuals, Liberation Theology added the concept of “structural sin.” The idea is that the social climate fosters sinful attitudes as normal behavior. It can be found in the biblical passages about “having eyes but seeing not” and in St. Paul’s frequent denunciations of “the present age.” It need not sound religious. Take, for instance, the common dictum: “It’s a dog-eat-dog world.” Acceptance of this sentiment makes it OK to be mean and vindictive in the “real world.” Another slogan to the same effect is: “Nice guys finish last.” Verbum satis sapientibus.

When considered in this structural way, the Seven Deadly Sins provide a very serious challenge to people of conscience. If attitudes of pride, envy, gluttony, lust, anger, greed and sloth become normal and socially acceptable, they are more deadly than when found scattered among individuals. There is a significant exception to this rule. Atheists claim their behavior is always “reasonable,” meaning they have little obligation other than to act in self-interest. They can be just as mean as mean can be – (their blogs often prove this point) – and what would be sinful for believers is “realistic behavior” for them. People of faith have no such luxury: they are bound to a “higher authority.” If they act in accord with the “spirit of the world,” sin looms as the consequence.

In this election year, I am particularly concerned about the appearance of sinful structural attitudes among the presidential candidates. We can be sure that the press will pay attention to anything dealing with lust, such as appears to have torpedoed the campaign of Rudolph Giuliani. But what about the other sins? With the Republican candidates in particular, I am concerned with the anger (or is it envy?) with which they regularly castigate Hillary Clinton. The very people who are apt to classify Democrats as “Bush haters” shower much more vitriol on “the Clintons.” The same sort of hatred has poisoned discussion of immigration reform. Any reasonable measure is categorized as “amnesty,” as if there was something wrong about forgiveness, pardon or even just plain common sense about the costs of deporting millions of people.

I also worry about the canonization of greed that is taking place among Republican presidential candidates this year. The country is $9 trillion in debt, the U.S. dollar has lost half of its value against the euro, the largest banks are selling themselves to foreigners in order to stay afloat, and a majority of the people in the U.S. face economic uncertainty, loss of quality of life and a plummeting standard of living. Yet the talk is of cutting taxes to benefit the super rich and large corporations (when not also giving them “corporate welfare). This exaltation of greed constitutes the structural acceptance of one of the Seven Deadly Sins. It goes against the teachings of my religion, if not also most religions, to reward the rich and punish the poor: yet the current crop of GOP leaders foster the concept of increased capitalist exploitation as a standard for social behavior.

I am not about to make an exhortation for people to vote for a Democrat – this column is about faith, not politics. But I am convinced that in this historical moment, there is a moral choice involved in political decisions. I would not like to see structural support for any of the Seven Deadly Sins translate into electoral victory.

By Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo  |  January 21, 2008; 7:26 AM ET  | Category:  Morality Save & Share:  Send E-mail   Facebook   Twitter   Digg   Yahoo Buzz   Del.icio.us   StumbleUpon   Technorati  
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"Atheists claim their behavior is always “reasonable,” meaning they have little obligation other than to act in self-interest."

Atheists don't do any such thing. As a matter of fact, the theory that altruism is built into human beings by evolution is very popular among atheists right now.

In any case, I have never heard any atheist claim his behavior is always reasonable. I think you made that up.

"They can be just as mean as mean can be –"

Of course they can. They're human beings, aren't they? As a test of meanness, however, I think it's instructive to consider that the population of atheists in prison is vanishingly small.

"and what would be sinful for believers is “realistic behavior” for them."

This is so vague as to be meaningless. Are you saying that atheists find theft and murder realistic? Then you're a liar. Are you saying that atheists find nothing wrong with homosexuality or easy divorce? Then more power to 'em.

Posted by: Godfrey | January 22, 2008 10:08 PM
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God has a Plan.
God's Plan Will come to Fruition.
Thank You Father, Son, Holy Spirit.
Thank You Dad, Brother, Knitting Buddy.
Thank you Mary for your YES.
By the way when Mary said Yes, that is when The Second Person of the Trinity became our Brother and became the Son of God before that, He was God.
Anyone can do what they want but I do not think that it is advisable to underestimate God.
Take care, be ready, see you in the Kingdom.

Sincerely, Thomas Paul Moses Baum.

Posted by: Thomas Baum | January 22, 2008 7:28 PM
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Does the Bible say it is a sin to presume?
Faith, Hope and Love?
Whatsoever you do to the least of my brothers, that you do unto Me?

Posted by: joseph-kavanaugh | January 22, 2008 2:07 PM
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I couldn't agree with you more. What I find completely stunning is that some highly educated people of faith on the right turn a blind eye to this issue. In fact they agree with and promote what the elder Bush termed 'voodoo economics'. This kind of greed is not only structural sin it is plain crazy. In many conservative circles one of the most criminal things one can do is to be poor.

Posted by: michael.redd@cox.net | January 22, 2008 8:13 AM
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The solution for any kind of problem comes with
the possession of the Spirit, according to Jesus It comes if....

You hear my words and put it in pratice, I will ask the Father and He will send other Conselor, the Spirit of the Thruth ...

Every religious is seeking for the Spirit not considering that He only comes when the Christians consider that Jesus has given us the destitutes of the world and we have refused because it has material costs.

Posted by: aim.mba7@gmail.com | January 22, 2008 7:32 AM
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Canyon,

You never answered my earlier question: why do all living things die? You say you have the answer to why humans die. Why do bacteria die? Are they also fallen? Did they commit the sin of decomposing the uneaten apple core, or was it the decomposition of Adam's apple-generated poop that doomed them?

Serious minds want to know what answers lurk in your 2000 year old reference.

Posted by: rafael | January 21, 2008 11:52 PM
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Considering that our planet is being damaged daily by factors at least in part due to
overpopulation, it seem to me that a gargantuan
sin is being made by some head of religion or some leader of certain ethnic groups to ban their followers from practicing birth control.

Posted by: thishowiseeit | January 21, 2008 8:31 PM
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Ok... How bout... We start with insisting on competent government, liberty and justice for all, and you Christian gents can scream about 'sin' amongst yourselves, shall we?

Posted by: Paganplace | January 21, 2008 7:20 PM
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You may want to look up those verses.

Posted by: Canyon Shearer | January 20, 2008 2:24 PM
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On more than one occasion, Jesus said some people had "the greater sin." I prefer theology based on the inerrant word of the bible as interpreted by God's Holy Church founded on the Rock of St. Peter to your musings that all sins are equal.

Posted by: sonofunclesam@gmail.com | January 18, 2008 10:34 AM
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This question is one based on misunderstanding, pride, and making a mountain into a mole-hill. In Christianity there is, as Cal Thomas put so masterfully, no gradiation of sin. In the works-based cult of Catholicism is there an idea that you can go to Hell any quicker by breaking certain laws. This cult is only Christian in the liberalist of definitions, a definition which has nothing to do with being a follower of Christ.

This ridiculousness of the idea of seven deadly sins is made manifest when you actually read the Bible for what it says.

All liars will have their place in the Lake of Fire. It doesn't imply that prideful liars are condemned and humble liars are not.

The idolater has no inheritence the kingdom of Christ and of God. There is no room to squeeze, "The gluttonous idolater is doomed while the sumptuous idolater is not." There is plenty of room to say that someone who lusts after money is an idolater and anyone who makes up a God which suites them is equally so as someone worshipping a golden Buddha.

Rest assured, each of the Catholic sins are deadly in Christianity, but trying to make them moreso than any other is making an idol which is not entirely Holy in every way.

You've heard it said of old, thou shalt not commit adultery, but Jesus said, whosoever looks upon a woman to lust after her has committed adultery with her already in his heart.

You will be judged as harshly if you've lived a life of larceny, or if you've stolen only one thing no matter the value, but you will also be judged on the thoughts and intents of your heart. If you've thought of stealing something, your deceitful mind will damn you.

Considering anger, everyone who hates his brother is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life abiding in him.

The sin of blasphemy is as deadly as the sin of murder. Adam and Eve disobeyed God and caused the fall of the Universe, how much more deadly is embracing the culture of fornication, pornography, and mammon-worship?

Sin came into the world through one man, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all sinned; but many have the grace of God and the free gift by the grace of that one man Jesus Christ abounded for many.

Even though we have caused the death of not only ourselves, but the rest of God's creation, we deserved to be punished. If a judge did not sentence a murderer, we would call him a bad judge; because God is good, He must punish the murderers, the rapists, the fornicators, the adulterers, the thieves, and the liars.

But because God is love, and He loved us, not that we loved Him, He became the man Jesus Christ and went to the cross in your stead. Our sin and death caused the death of the God of the Universe through His offering, so that we might be absolved in His substitutionary death. Then on the Third Day, He showed His absolute authority over the law of sin and death, and rose from the grave to live forevermore.

For the judgment following one trespass brought condemnation, but the free gift following many trespasses brought justification. For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness reign in life through the one man Jesus Christ.

He demands everyone everywhere to repent, because he has appointed a day on which he will judge the world in righteousness by a man whom he has appointed; and of this he has given assurance to all by raising him from the dead.

Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe is condemned already, not by breaking one of the Catholic Churches Seven Deadly Sins, but by breaking any of God's moral laws.

Pride will keep you from this grace and forgiveness, rest assured that pride comes before destruction and the haughty heart before the fall. Humble yourself before God, and He will lift you up, not because you haven't broken the Seven Deadly Sins, but because you have broken them magnificently and Jesus Christ paid your fine so that you are absolved.

Posted by: Canyon Shearer | January 18, 2008 3:02 AM
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