Social stability requires religious freedom
Q: The Chicago Council on Global Affairs is recommending that the U.S. government develop a strategy to make religion 'integral' to American foreign policy. Should U.S. foreign policy get religion?
The Chicago Council on Global Affairs' "Engaging Religious Communities Abroad" report underscores what many in the religious freedom arena have long known and advocated. Religious actors and religious freedom are central to peace-building and national security. State control of religion leads to unrest and conflict, which can spill over national boundaries. Social stability requires healthy, peaceful, public expression of religion, without undue government regulation of what it considers incorrect religious beliefs and practices.
Tom Farr of the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs has been arguing this point for years. In his World of Faith and Freedom: Why International Religious Liberty is Vital to American National Security, he notes the strong disinclination in American foreign policy to understand the role of religion or even to consider religious factors as part of the solution. In Farr's view, promoting religious freedom abroad advances American security because states where everyone's religion is protected are much less likely to be breeding grounds for terrorism or aggression.
Of course, in order to "get" religion in a way that makes its foreign policy efforts more effective, the U.S. needs to advocate genuine religious freedom. The Chicago Council's report notes the failures of the U.S.'s religious freedom efforts in the past, which often carried connotations of imperialism and state-sponsored Christian proselytization.
Moreover, a broader approach of superiority, particularly in sensitive areas such as women's rights, tends to backfire. Activists from the West who approach religious gender issues in the Muslim world in the framework of teaching Muslims what's good for them face backlash--far worse, they help add fuel to violent anti-Americanism by threatening traditional values and practices. A better method is to work from within the culture and find common ground between universal rights and traditional values, and to use that commonality to advocate for rights.
The report alludes to such cultural sensitivities. To flesh out the point, it may well have explained that one of the biggest obstacles in advocating religious freedom abroad is the sense among traditional Muslim communities that religious freedom necessarily leads to sexual freedom. In their view, religious freedom implies the ability to reject religion--which it does--and divorces religious values from society--which it does not. Religious freedom allows for the full expression, within limits such as public order, of both majority and minority faiths.
Religious values can inform the law. In fact, the roots of both American law and international instruments rest in a moral view of the world. Religious freedom is premised on the belief that every human being has inherent dignity to explore his or her conscience and pursue the truth. Values in the public square are thus perfectly consistent with religious freedom. In fact, religious freedom is the very principle that protects the discussion of values and morality in the public square--if not the legislation thereof in every instance.
Religious freedom is also essential to religious reform. If religious actors are unable to freely interpret and reinterpret their sacred sources in light of changing social and political realities, progress can never be made. Without such organic progress, religions--and the societies they affect deeply--can become stunted. Given the pervasive nature of religion in most societies across the world, how these communities experience and interpret religion is essential to how they react to the world, including the U.S.
By
Asma T. Uddin
|
February 27, 2010; 11:10 PM ET
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Posted by: ZZim | March 2, 2010 10:18 AM
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CLESRTHINKING1
"Sadly, Islam has shown itself to be inconsistent with democracy, tolerance, and plurality. It is ironic that a female muslim sitting in America writes on religious freedom and defends the same islam and koran that oppresses and kills in islamic nations. Just look at the treatment of nonmuslims in "muslim coutries". The record is horrible and unacceptable."
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The same could be said for Christianity 100 years ago. Defenders used the Bible to sllow for slsvery, keeping women from voting, etc. do not say "Islam nd the Koran..." but Fundamentalists. Instead of pointing fingers, Help the discussion move forward. There are many modernists in Islam that do not fitthe characture you paint.
Posted by: cadam72 | March 2, 2010 6:21 AM
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ZZim explains
"I think it's not religious freedom they
fear, but the time of chaos in between the stable states of oppression and freedom."
Wrong! It is religious freedom they fear, or why else would they kill their apostates?
Posted by: abhab1 | March 2, 2010 6:19 AM
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Sadly, Islam has shown itself to be inconsistent with democracy, tolerance, and plurality. It is ironic that a female muslim sitting in America writes on religious freedom and defends the same islam and koran that oppresses and kills in islamic nations. Just look at the treatment of nonmuslims in "muslim coutries". The record is horrible and unacceptable.
Posted by: clearthinking1 | March 2, 2010 3:13 AM
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Ms. Uddin suggests:
“A better method is to work from within the culture and find common ground between universal rights and traditional values, and to use that commonality to advocate for rights.”
A well-known Muslim Saudi cleric by the name Mohammad Mousa al Sharif had answered this proposal in no uncertain terms. He declared on the Saudi Al Daleel TV on Feb19,2010 that “Muslims should not abide by the recommendations of the international human rights agencies pertaining to women since they undoubtedly contradict the Sharia. “After all”, he explains “who are those people but Nazarenes (meaning Christians) and atheists?
Posted by: abhab1 | March 1, 2010 11:10 PM
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By the way, Garoth, awesome comment.
Posted by: ZZim | March 1, 2010 12:30 PM
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Excellent article, Asma. Thanks for writing it.
I agree that religious freedom is an important component of a stable free society. However, religious OPPRESSION appears to me to be an important component of a number of the world's oppressive societies.
How then shall these societies manage a peaceful transition from an oppressive society to one that is free? And how shall they do so without violence and chaos?
I think it's not religious freedom they fear, but the time of chaos in between the stable states of oppression and freedom.
Posted by: ZZim | March 1, 2010 12:27 PM
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Thank you for your article. It highlights the difficulty we face, particularly in the United States, in dealing with the religious attitudes of others. We tend not to understand how closely church and state are tied in other countries, nor understand the effect of our parochial and culture-bound understanding of the relationship. We tend to assume that everyone sees things the same way we do, then are suprised by the negative reaction, when they feel attacked.
One thing that many cultures that do not have religious freedom and, therefore, only one religious expression, do not understand, is the difference between religious and cultural values. In many Muslim countries, for instance, conservative values are regarded as religious values - therefore women' rights, for instance, are seen as an attack on religious faith. The advantage of a pluralistic nation is that, as the values held by various religions are experienced, the differences between these and the values of the local culture are more easily seen, and may either support or be understood to be in conflict with those values. So freedom of religion can lead to discrimination of cultural vs. religous values, and greater tolerance.
The other issue, of course, is that of how states use religion to bolster their claims upon their populace. From ancient societies until the present, states hve generally seen a benefit in having only one religious expression. Not only are religious and cultural values seen as the same, but those upheld by the state are also thrown into the mix. So it is hard to get states, which benefit from this mixing of religion, culture, and state, to support freedom of religion.
Posted by: garoth | March 1, 2010 12:21 PM
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*Social Stability requires Religious Freedom*
Isnt there Religious Freedom in Islamic Countries and where is Social Stability ?
Social Stability requires Human Rights and Democracy,not Taking Four Women Freedom.
Social Stability should rest on Contemporary Values and Woman-Man Equality,not Two women equals One man mentality.
Religious Reform needs Rationality.Wasnt there Religious Freedom in Islamic Lands since 1400 years and they couldnt reform Islam ?
Core Issue is not *freely interpret*
Islam rejects Democracy,because,there is no any Dissident Concept.Islam means Submission and Dissident means Mischiefmaker.
Islam paralyzes Brain and *freely interpret* or freely think is not possible.
Islam brings Poverty,because,Islam is Idleness and Poorness is the Source of Social Instability.
Dear Panelist,
You are a Woman and Attorney.
Cult of Subjugation doesnt give woman Right of Divorce.
No offend,but,what you write doesnt fit to Realities and Main Problems in Afghanistan,Pakistan,Iran Islamic Rep.,Saudi Arabia and other Islamic Countries.
Posted by: halozcel1 | March 1, 2010 10:29 AM
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ZZim explains
"I think it's not religious freedom they
fear, but the time of chaos in between the stable states of oppression and freedom."
Wrong! It is religious freedom they fear, or why else would they kill their apostates?
Posted by: abhab1 | March 2, 2010 6:19 AM
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Because that’s what oppressive regimes do – they crush any faint glimmer of opposition or change. It’s one of the reasons that Iraq was such a mess after Saddam was overthrown There were no competent people prepared to take over the country because Saddam had killed or driven out anyone who might have had the ability to serve as an alternative.
Religious oppression works the same way. If all alternative religious activities are ruthlessly exterminated, then the people have no choices and change is impossible. The regime stays in power until either toppled from external forces (like Saddam) or until it simply collapses from its own incompetence (like the Soviets and soon the North Koreans).
When the oil money runs out, the al-Sauds will loot the treasury and flee. The country will collapse into chaos.