John Esposito
Founding director, Prince Alwaleed bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University

John Esposito

Professor of religion, international affairs and Islamic studies.

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Influential Pakistani cleric issues fatwa against terrorism

An influential Pakistani cleric issued a 600-page fatwa on March 2, described as an "absolute" condemnation of terrorism without "any excuses or pretexts." Muhammad Tahir ul-Qadri declared that terrorists and suicide bombers were unbelievers and that "terrorism is terrorism, violence is violence and it has no place in Islamic teaching and no justification can be provided for it, or any kind of excuses or ifs or buts."

While domestic politics in Muslim countries, the presence of foreign troops and the impact Western foreign policies remain primary drivers in radicalization, a major, comprehensive fatwa like this -- along with less-sweeping fatwas issued by other religious authorities -- does constitute a major challenge to the legitimacy of al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups. Qadri's fatwa is an exhaustive, systematic theological and legal study of the Islamic tradition's teachings on the use of force and armed resistance to support an absolute condemnation of any form of terrorism for any cause. Its significance will be felt in Pakistan ,where Qadri over several decades has become a prominent scholar and religious leader as well as a religious media star. It will also have an impact in the West young Muslims in Britain, Scandinavia and Canada, many of whom are of Pakistani backgrounds.

Qadri is a Barelvi Muslim scholar (Barelvi and Deobandis, who claim to follow a more pristine version of Islam, are the two major Sunni Muslim groups or schools of thought in the Indian subcontinent). The Barelvi are estimated to be the largest Muslim group in Pakistan, India and Great Britain. Qadri, noted for his liberal and tolerant views, promotes greater unity among Muslims and inter and intra faith dialogue, reaching out to other theological schools like the Deobandi and to Shiah Muslims and Pakistani Christians. He emphasizes Islam's religious, social, cultural, teachings of Islam.

Trained both in traditional madrasas and at Punjab University where in 1972 he earned an MA and PhD in Islamic Studies, Qadri appeals to a broad audience of traditionalists and those that appreciate his integration of traditional Islamic sciences with modern disciplines. Qadri's career took off in the mid-1980s with a popular national television program Fahm-e-Quran (Understanding the Qur'an), speaking in down to earth popular idioms and using analogies from everyday life.

Qadri is among a handful of prominent popular preachers in Pakistan (as elsewhere in the Muslim world) whose primary medium for propagating their messages is the electronic technology (cassettes, videos, CDs, DVDs, and television channels). Qadri's media career has been unprecedented in the modern religious history of Pakistan. Founder of Minhaj-ul-Quran International, based in Lahore, an Islamic movement with centers in 90 countries, its publication house carries thousands of Qadri's CDs and DVDs Urdu, Punjabi, Arabic and English, delivered in Pakistan, India, the Middle East, Europe, the United States, and Canada.

Qadri already has an established track record in his denunciation of terrorism in the name of Islam. One of the few religious leaders in Pakistan who unequivocally condemned the September 11 terrorist attacks, Qadri has challenged the Islamic legitimacy of those who approved the use of violence for religious or political ends. Thus, though he studied in Saudi Arabia, he is a vocal critic of Wahhabi and Salafi Islam's extremist and violent tendencies. He has condemned al-Qaeda and the Taliban as an outgrowth of Wahhabi doctrines, denouncing al-Qaeda a "lethal threat to Islam and Muslims," whose actions are antithetical to Islam's message of peace. In a December 5, 2009 press conference, drawing extensively on Islamic texts Qadri declared: "Islam does not permit, under any circumstances, the massacre of innocent citizens, terrorist explosions and suicide bombings" which according to Islamic law are unacceptable violations of human rights and constitute kufr, (unbelief). At the same time, Qadri has also been a strong critic of the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq.

By John Esposito  |  March 5, 2010; 9:18 AM ET Save & Share:  Send E-mail   Facebook   Twitter   Digg   Yahoo Buzz   Del.icio.us   StumbleUpon   Technorati  
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MR.Tahir-ul-Qadri always try to brings togather peoples of all relegion and all Maslaiks of Muslims Ummah I read this Fatwa He provide to many refrences of Quran and Hadith which are sufficient for a muslim to understand
I request to all peoples before going to comment on this topic please read this book of 600 Hundred pages then go to arguments.to read this Fatwa go on www.minhaj.org

Posted by: kizzy_bee20032004yahoocom | March 11, 2010 6:54 AM
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Tahir-ul-Qadri is great leader in Islamic Ummah.it is true that Our Holy Quran never allow any type/kind of terrorism and any one can not give single ayat of Holy Quran in favour of soside attacking
No doubt its a great effort by Tahir-ul-Qadri for good future of Human beaing

Posted by: kizzy_bee20032004yahoocom | March 11, 2010 6:45 AM
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"If the Quran does not promote violence against the non-Muslims,we do not need a 600 page fatwa. One well constructed sentence in the Quran would suffice. An example would be “Oh mankind!Thou shall not fight with anyone because of race, color or creed.”

Posted by: abhab1 | March 8, 2010 11:08 PM

Amen to that!!!

Posted by: YEAL9 | March 9, 2010 6:53 AM
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"But this fatwa is incomplete in the sense that appologatic muslim(Tahir ul Qadri) failed to include any form of state terrorism in his fatwa.
otherwise I agree with safiah111."

Hello HITMAN,

I believe its impossible for any human being to convince every single person. I do think though that a majority of muslims as well as non muslims would agree that its wrong to kill innocents of any cast and creed in the name of islam. If Christians kill innocent muslims, its wrong! If Muslims do vice versa, its wrong too!

Posted by: yasseryousufi | March 9, 2010 5:13 AM
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Islam do not allow to kill innocent people, specially old, women and childern, no muslim has any doubt about it.

But this fatwa is incomplete in the sense that appologatic muslim(Tahir ul Qadri) failed to include any form of state terrorism in his fatwa.
otherwise I agree with safiah111.

Posted by: hitman2 | March 8, 2010 11:40 PM
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If the Quran does not promote violence against the non-Muslims,we do not need a 600 page fatwa. One well constructed sentence in the Quran would suffice. An example would be “Oh mankind!Thou shall not fight with anyone because of race, color or creed.”

Posted by: abhab1 | March 8, 2010 11:08 PM
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Instead of a 600 page fatwa (which apparently has no power unless given by an ayatollah with goons to enforce it), Muhammad Tahir ul-Qadriis should have demanded a rewrite of the Koran where all passages dictating male Muslim control of women and the world are deleted.

And by the way, why doesn't John Esposito demand the same???

Posted by: YEAL9 | March 8, 2010 4:35 PM
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Finally, a Cleric with brains!

Posted by: unseenmirage | March 8, 2010 4:35 PM
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Dr. Esposito said by way of introduction of Muhammad Tahir ul-Qadir that "he is a vocal critic of Wahhabi and Salafi Islam's extremist and violent tendencies." I read this and was taken aback. Is it extremist to be balanced? It seems as though when it comes to Muslims some think that the only acceptable Muslim is one who is peaceful at all times, no matter the circumstances. On its face this seems reasonable until you take one minute to think about it. Who in the world would be enjoined to be peaceful no matter the circumstances? I thank Allah that Islam is not an unbalanced way of life so when it is appropriate to be peaceful we Muslims are and when it is appropriate we are told to defend our deen. To me extremism is being one way at all times. May none of us be extreme in this way as it is not what Allah wants us to do.

Posted by: safiyah111 | March 8, 2010 4:01 PM
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Is this Fatwa for real or done for western consumption? Did this Mr. Qadri just realize that terrorism is wrong? Is this fatwa only against western targets only or does it apply to the actions taken by teh bigots in Philippines, East Tim-or, Kashmir, etc. By the way what was his position on these for the past 20 or so years. These so called fatwas come out in dribs and drabs and generally have zero affect on the street. The clerics, hot heads and the so called respected have been stoking the flames for a long long time. They have been riding thes saber toothed tigers for a long time. I am not sold on this BS.

Posted by: RaoTayi | March 8, 2010 3:23 PM
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Too bad Huckabee "Christians" couldn't have a fatwah of their own against their inbred Baptist cousin, Fred Phelps, or against their "pastors" who pray for the death of the President and a pox upon his family.

Posted by: coloradodog | March 8, 2010 10:19 AM
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As someone who has been an avid listener of Allama Tahr-ul-Qadri's sermons both on audiotape and in his beautiful mosque in Karachi, Im glad that the western news outlets are finally giving voice to moderate muslim leaders of the Barelvi school of thought. We are by far the majority sunni group in both India and Pakistan where Islam was spread through Sufis and Mystics. We can defeat these Salafist Jihadis with reason and through our knowledge of Islam any given day. The only religous scholars who have died in suicide bombings are the ones belonging to barelvi school of thought. Maulana Tahir Naeemi, a 78 year old religous scholar was killed by a suicide bomber in his mosque after he had declared that suicide bombers go to hell. Despite loosing hundres of religous scholars in these suicide bombings, the Barelvis have never resorted to violence. The Western media can help us by giving these people the same amount of coverage that it gives the violent Jihadis.

Posted by: yasseryousufi | March 8, 2010 8:50 AM
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Dr Qadri has issued Fatwa in right time. Dr Qadri is renowned and one of the top leading Islamic scholar in the world.He has issued Fatwa after a deep research and complied various Sayings of Holy Prophet PBUH and from Quran also. His Fatwa has been widely welcomed from Arab , Asian , Europe and American world.

Posted by: iexpressla | March 7, 2010 6:45 PM
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Like previous fatwas, this new "fatwa against terrorism" leaves the most important question -- what is the legally accepted definition of terrorism? -- unanswered -- http://www.twf.org/News/Y2010/0303-Fatwa.html.

In 2005, then UN secretary general, Kofi Annan, recognized this need, and called for a "universally accepted definition of terrorism, he endorsed the wording contained in the recent report from the UN High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, . . . The panel defined terrorism as any action intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organisation to do, or abstain from, any act."

Five years later, there's still no generally accepted definition of terrorism -- presumably because it would include acts that major powers now commit with impunity.

Enver Masud
Founder, The Wisdom Fund

Posted by: twforg | March 6, 2010 8:17 AM
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It's about time!

The question now is; will the rest of the world of Islam back him up?

Mark
Always seek the truth.

Posted by: volkmare | March 5, 2010 2:34 PM
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