John Mark Reynolds
Director of the Torrey Honors Institute, Biola University

John Mark Reynolds

Professor of philosophy for Biola, Reynolds blogs regularly at Scriptoriumdaily.com along with other faculty from the Torrey Honors Institute, a great books program.

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Pressing beyond "niceness"

Q: Are all religions the same? The Dalai Lama, who just celebrated his 75th birthday, often refers to the 'oneness' of all religions, the idea that all religions preach the same message of love, tolerance and compassion. Historians Karen Armstrong and Huston Smith agree that major faiths are more alike than not. But in his new book "God is not One," religion scholar and On Faith panelist Steve Prothero says views by the Dalai Lama, Armstrong and Smith that all religions "are different paths to the same God" is untrue, disrespectful and dangerous. Who's right? Why?

Nobody has religion totally right, but some errors are more serious than others.

People are all similar. Reality does not change from person to person, but the interpretation of reality can be different. Nobody should be so "nice" they end up insulting other faiths by refusing to admit they make truth claims that cannot be sustained.

If one religion says that it is good for people to be poor and another that it is evil, then both cannot be right. The law of non-contradiction does not stop at the church door.

Just because a religion, or religious person, gets something wrong does not mean it gets everything wrong. Old and tested ideas, like all the great world religions, must get more right than wrong in order to have survived the hardest test of all: time.

Most great religions are mostly right, but "mostly" is not good enough. Making an error in physics, even a small one, can be fatal to the body. Making a metaphysical error, even a tiny one, can be fatal to the soul.

Christianity proves to be the best explanation for the world as it is: both the metaphysical and the physical. Some religions downplay the importance of nature and others downplay the importance of the spiritual reality. Both are too simple to explain a cosmos full of matter, energy, and personality. Mind does not come from matter and matter does not come from mind.

Christianity, with Judaism and Islam, gets this balance right, but Christianity also has an explanation for the life of Jesus. Jesus, so great nobody can ignore Him, stands at the center of history. His empty tomb demands explanation and His wisdom compels respect. Who is Jesus? Only Christianity adequately explains His marvelous life.

Christianity also built marvelous cultures. It can inspire Bach to his great Mass in B Minor and Newton to his science. It has built great churches in Ethiopia, hospitals in India, and colleges in Idaho. Every inquisitor inspired a Dostoevsky, bad bishop a Saint Francis, fundamentalist a Thomas Aquinas.

Christianity, though not always Christians, has been good, true, and beautiful. To the extent that any religion does not acknowledge the Lordship of Jesus it has gotten something dramatically wrong. It is not explaining all the data.

Or so it seems to me.

Metaphysical reality is, however, not different from person to person, so mature faiths tend to agree on many "big ideas." Love just is greater than hate. Libertine sexual values have never built a culture, but have destroyed many. Judaism and Islam particularly deserve our respect. Christianity owes its existence to Judaism and has learned much from Muslims. Both can sustain both science and high culture.

I have gained great insight into my life from other religions and from people who disagree with me. Even if Christianity is true, it does not contain all truths and many Christians have misunderstood the truths it contains. Any reasonable believer would also admit that he might be totally wrong and open-minded to other possibilities.

Studying the works of other Christian traditions or other faiths is never a waste of time. I have always learned something or enriched my own faith in the process. For example, I spent a profitable year studying the Book of Mormon. At the end, I did not think the Book of Mormon was the Word of God, but I did think it a work of literary genius. It was often compatible with my beliefs, it got much right, but the differences were important and real. The claims of traditional Christianity and Mormonism could not both be true. Reading it stretched me mentally and, even though I came to reject the truth of its unique religious claims, the sheer act of carefully reading Mormon apologists was good for me.

Faith is wonderful, because it allows you to wonder! You commit yourself to your faith and then you see.

There is only one group that does not deserve our respect: the extremist wrapped in certainty. From the jihadist to the Dawkensian atheist, a certain personality type is sure about the big questions. Their opposites are all fools or cads and they can dismiss every different religious point of view as wrong, obviously wrong.

These people lack faith, because all they have is certainty. Certainty leads to a loss of wonder, because there comes to be nothing to wonder about. Those atheists, theists, Christians, Jews, Hindus, or any other philosophical tradition that commit themselves, but are still wondering about things, deserve our respect and attention.

The journey to see the Good is long, but even if it lasted a thousand years I am convinced that if we are motivated by love and pursue it, then we will see Him at last clearly. Lord how I want to be in that number!

By John Mark Reynolds  |  July 8, 2010; 2:03 PM ET Save & Share:  Send E-mail   Facebook   Twitter   Digg   Yahoo Buzz   Del.icio.us   StumbleUpon   Technorati  
Previous: Exclusivists vs. Pluralists: very different paths to one Truth | Next: God did not make denominations; people did

Comments

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'The only way Jesus differs is because there were actual physical witnesses to some of the "miracles' between Jesus and God, such as the ascensions actually witnessed by the disciples.'

Hmmmmmm...did anyone think to take pictures? Was there a notary present? If not, then we'll have to consign these alleged supernatural events to hearsay, and include them in the large catalog of miracles and myths alongside other and similar unproven nature-defying feats 'recorded' by many of the world's religious belief systems. both primitive and modern.

The world's religions are like a many-colored rainbow - impressive to see and hear, but an illusion all the same. Each one consisting of fables, allegories, metaphors and myths straight from an endlessly fertile human imagination - a creative intelligence without apparent boundries or limits.

We really have to hand it to ourselves!

Posted by: persiflage | July 11, 2010 4:22 PM
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The logical starting point is not who is the Creator, but rather is there a Creator. Why isn't it enough that the universe is wondrous? Why isn't it enough that when the diversity of the universe is combined with 16 Billion years all sorts of fantastic things are possible.

What is so strange or wrong or sinful about dreaming we can all work together to create a better world for our children’s children? Let’s focus on our common experience and dreams instead of our fears and differences.

Posted by: Tilopa | July 10, 2010 9:42 AM
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nothing fail nations like human explanation.

mankind came to this universe ,and came to this universe bare back ,lest he/she say that he created this universe or he/she own or posses any thing in this universe.

so the logical humble starting point is who is the creator?how we can communicate with?so he can explain to us why we are here and where we are going and what we must do and what we must do not?

looking at the perfect clock of this univese (physical world)should tell us that
,for so the creator god love the world he sent just one explanation,not ten thousand explanation?????
it woudnot fit his wisdom to creat this perfect universe and let the trillions of mankind each put his/her explanation,it would be a disastar.

would you make a tv set and just let the tv set put its own explanation?would you vote for ten thousand president to be on top of the gov?


nothing fail nations like human explanation.

Posted by: mono1 | July 10, 2010 1:54 AM
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"So, maybe you could repost and use a different, more correct word."

"Gee, what a brilliant new incite!"

Ahem.

Posted by: PSolus | July 9, 2010 6:23 PM
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- Christianity proves to be the best explanation for the world as it is: both the metaphysical and the physical.

- From the jihadist to the Dawkensian atheist, a certain personality type is sure about the big questions.

- John Mark Reynolds

*******************************************

I am sure that Hindus and Buddhists also think they the "best explanation for the world as it is: both the metaphysical and the physical."

I am very sure, being of a certain "jihadist" personality, the "big things" is still beyond our minds to grasp fully, completely, absolutely.

Posted by: Jihadist | July 9, 2010 5:02 PM
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I love this guy!

He never fails to crack me up.

Using words like "data" with regards to religion. LOL!

No, sir, it is SCIENCE that finds explanations to fit the data.

Religion is what you make up when you don't have any data. Which, strictly speaking, you don't.

I guess his heart's in the right place tho. What's that old line about good intentions though? Good thing there's no hell either. Phew.

Posted by: MiuBot116 | July 9, 2010 3:25 PM
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Mono1

In the English language, the word "physique" refers to the shape of the healthy human body, and usually refers to beauty, often masculine beauty. Obviously you meant it a different way. So, maybe you could repost and use a different, more correct word.

In addition, I suppose that the religion that you are proposing is Islam. What you are saying is that your religion is right and everyone else's is wrong.

Gee, what a brilliant new incite! Did you just think that one up yourself?

Posted by: DanielintheLionsDen | July 9, 2010 2:25 PM
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Dear Mr. Reynolds

Im my life, I have met and known a good many Mormons and have visted Utah and Salt Lake City a couple of tiems. I have entertained the Mormon Missionaries in my home from time to time, when they have come a'knockin, as door to door salesmen for Joseph Smith. I have heard the Mormon schpiel many times.

And this is what I think: you would probably make a pretty good Mormon, and you and your family would be pretty happy, living in Salt Lake City, in the little Mormon kingdom, where everything is laid out for you to think and believe, and shelter from the real world is pretty easy to come by. Why don't you give it a try?

Seriously!

Posted by: DanielintheLionsDen | July 9, 2010 2:19 PM
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nothing fail nations like human interpretation.

mankind is not the notary public for another mankind,

one of the baisc nature of mankind is the fact and reality that he/she are locked and shackled down in their natural (physique)

mankind can search and explore only in the (physique),

preesing beyond the (physique)into the metaphysique need divine word,need divine explanation,need divine guidance,need divine voice,need divine interpretation,

none wd tell about the physique and the metaphysique better than the creator of both the physique and metaphysique.

the upper proof and seal belong to the creator of mankind,

every thing around us is a proof of the creator ,why not looking for his word and guidance instead of siting here saying that my explanation is better than yous,my man is better than your man ,mama,s culture is better than yours,my dad is a culture artist?if you thing i,m ugly you should see my sister!!!!

for humanity to reach maturity ,humanity need to look for her creator god.

its not about nice or ugly ,its not about peace or war,its not about morality or immorality,
its all about why we are here what is the purpose?and where we are going and what we must do and do not.


Posted by: mono1 | July 9, 2010 4:47 AM
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John, Thank you for some excellent observations. "Are all religions created equal?" Certainly not. What they share in common is that each claims to be divinely inspired. God has not made an appearance in blazing glory over the Vatican or the Temple Mount, with full modern press coverage, and so we are expected to take the word of so-called 'Prophets' who claim to have messages from God.

If there is one God, then there should be uniform answers received by each prophet and visionary. There never is. The messages of the Mahabharata and Gita, Siddharta Buddha, Mohammed, Reverend Sun Yen Moon, Madam Blavatsky, Guru Nanak, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and Jesus were each different.
The only way Jesus differs is because there were actual physical witnesses to some of the "miracles' between Jesus and God, such as the ascensions actually witnessed by the disciples. No other prophet has actual first-hand accounts witnessed by others of anything resembling what the apostles of Jesus (and Moses) went through.
It is not easy to stand up and stand firm for what we believe in. The above comments make that clear. But you stood up for your beliefs clearly and well. I respect you for that, and, after my own years of study and research into those eastern religions, I happen to agree with your conclusions.
Thank you.
Suzanne Olsson
"Jesus in Kashmir, The Lost Tomb"

Posted by: SuzanneOlssonauthorJesusinKashmirTheLostTomb | July 9, 2010 3:10 AM
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John, Thank you for some excellent observations. "Are all religions created equal?" Certainly not. What they share in common is that each claims to be divinely inspired. God has not made an appearance in blazing glory over the Vatican or the Temple Mount, with full modern press coverage, and so we are expected to take the word of so-called 'Prophets' who claim to have messages from God.

If there is one God, then there should be uniform answers received by each prophet and visionary. There never is. The messages of the Mahabharata and Gita, Siddharta Buddha, Mohammed, Reverend Sun Yen Moon, Madam Blavatsky, Guru Nanak, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and Jesus were each different.
The only way Jesus differs is because there were actual physical witnesses to some of the "miracles' between Jesus and God, such as the ascensions actually witnessed by the disciples. No other prophet has actual first-hand accounts witnessed by others of anything resembling what the apostles of Jesus (and Moses) went through.
It is not easy to stand up and stand firm for what we believe in. The above comments make that clear. But you stood up for your beliefs clearly and well. I respect you for that, and, after my own years of study and research into those eastern religions, I happen to agree with your conclusions.
Thank you.
Suzanne Olsson
"Jesus in Kashmir, The Lost Tomb"

Posted by: SuzanneOlssonauthorJesusinKashmirTheLostTomb | July 9, 2010 3:10 AM
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Mr. Reynolds, you are such a condescending bigot. You are so accommodating and such a generous man, who acknowledges that all religions are flawed. However, your own brand of christianity, the valiant christianity has just got it right and is asymptotically reaching the limit, isn't it? Mr. Reynolds, if anything your religion is less believable than Judaism, because of all the unsubstantiated truth claims of Judaism, you sir have the additional burden of substantiating another slew of your own truth claims, which are frankly build out of the north en of a south bound mule.

For all your arrogance, you have the gall to accuse us of arrogance. This the usual MO of you theists to accuse us who are always riddled with doubt about our claims, even after they have been well substantiated we are willing to look at fresh evidence, that may invalidate our claims. You not only not substantiate your claims of existence of a supernatural entity but go a step further to claim what is on it's mind. You have no respect for us, who cares. So your lack of respect is because in your credulous mind, we have lost the sense of wonder, because we are not as credulous as you all are. In fact we are have great grasp of the wonder, just because you cannot envision it so that's the way it must be according to you. Who is portraying the certitude, you or me.

Posted by: Secular | July 8, 2010 8:39 PM
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sorry, I must have pressed too far beyond niceness.

hariaum

Posted by: Navin1 | July 8, 2010 7:36 PM
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I can explain you jesus:

he was a demons that deluded people into killing, stealing, and raping and believing that they would still get eternal salvation if they only said his creed.

hariaum

Posted by: Navin1 | July 8, 2010 6:56 PM
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Wow, talk about ethnocentrism

Let us ignore all the great cultures of India, the Moghuls, the chinese, the romans, the greeks, the egyptians. Then christianity is awesome.

let us ignore the killing done in the name of jesus and he is the coolest character in history.

let us say christians made mistakes, not so much christianity, but all other religions make mistakes not their people.

I think if the bible is true, then we should judge a prophet by the acts of his followers: Constatine, the crusades, the policy of as the head so the people of the state, antisemitism through only 2000 years, inquisition, religious wars of europe, religious wars of modern Africa, Spanish/catholic expansionism in "Latin" america, genocide of the native american by the protestants and mormons, ethnic cleansing by candian missionaries, inquisitions of nonchristians in India, ... yep that's the religion that got it right - evolution by natural war based selection. That really represents christian heritage. Oh by the way, forget what you prophet said and write down opinions only. forget exactly how he did or did not enter in jerusalem. forget all that he said the end of the world would come before those who lived in his time dies, yep, let us ignore the internal and external inconsistencies and say we got it right!

ignorance for the ignorant.

bull. btw you might want to read the Isha Upanishad as the material and immaterial.

hariaum

Posted by: Navin1 | July 8, 2010 6:54 PM
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Most religions begin with a personal experience beyond the scope of common understanding. The experience is so powerful it naturally creates the desire to share the experience with others. Various methods (religions) are created to communicate and share the experience. Unfortunately, due to the human tendency toward self deception and our conditioned tendencies, the method (religion) becomes central and the source experience becomes secondary. Most religions point directly at the same source experience and this is the "oneness" that the Dalai Lama is referencing.

Posted by: Tilopa | July 8, 2010 5:36 PM
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"There is only one group that does not deserve our respect: the extremist wrapped in certainty."

You sound pretty certain about that.

"From the jihadist to the Dawkensian atheist, a certain personality type is sure about the big questions."

You seem to be very sure about that big question.

"These people lack faith, because all they have is certainty."

You appear to have stated that with a great deal of certainty.

"Lord how I want to be in that number!"

When the saints go marching in!

Everybody now...

Oh, when the saints... (oh, when the saints...)
Go marching in... (go marching in...)
Oh, when the saints go marching in.....

Posted by: PSolus | July 8, 2010 5:13 PM
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"Christianity proves to be the best explanation for the world as it is: both the metaphysical and the physical."

You need to show your proof, or you don't get a grade.

Posted by: PSolus | July 8, 2010 4:09 PM
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Um, Richard Dawkins himself doesn't go for complete certainty. He explicitly rates himself a 6 on the scale of 1 to 7 (1=certain of God, 7=certain there's no God).

But perhaps you were talking about someone named "Dawkens"? :)

Posted by: RayIngles | July 8, 2010 3:53 PM
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