Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite
Professor, Chicago Theological Seminary

Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite

Former president of Chicago Theological Seminary (1998-2008), Thistlethwaite is a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress.

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Going where no pope has gone before

In an interview with journalist Peter Seewald, Pope Benedict XVI said that condom use may be acceptable under "exceptional circumstances" such as use by a male prostitute in order to prevent the spread of HIV/ AIDS.

Interpretation of the pope's pronouncement has varied. Many insist that the church's teaching, which bans birth control, has not changed, but others see the pope's statement as opening the door to a broader conversation about human sexuality in the modern world.

What are the implications of Pope Benedict's statement on condoms in terms of AIDS policy, the church's teaching on sex and its view of women?

At the risk of over-interpreting Pope Benedict's statements regarding the use of condoms as moral in certain circumstances, and I admit up front here that is a live risk, I still believe these recent statements by the pope signal a shift in Catholic thinking. The pope, it is reported, said "There may be a basis in the case of some individuals, as perhaps when a male prostitute uses a condom, where this can be a first step in the direction of a moralization, a first assumption of responsibility." Furthermore, intentionality is important according to Benedict, "in this or that case, there can be nonetheless in the intention of reducing the risk of infection, a first step in a movement toward a different way, a more human way, of living sexuality."

There are frankly some things I feel are theologically promising. The key concept is that the use of a condom can be a moral act, given the intention to reduce the risk of infection from HIV/AIDS. Let's say first this is a good thing in itself for the pope to have signaled. Condom use should be, and in many religious traditions other than Catholicism is, promoted as a moral act, an "assumption of responsibility" in the age of HIV/AIDS. Yes, yes, I know the example was not one where procreation was the issue, but still, a signal in that condom use in certain contexts can be moral.

A further question is whether this kind of thinking will be able to move the Catholic church forward in terms of regarding contraception in general as an "assumption of moral responsibility," that being the most common basis religious traditions use to argue that contraception is a moral good. The Religious Coalition for Reproductive Rights summarizes these positions and their arguments, leading with Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu said, "Planned parenthood is an obligation of those who are Christians. Our church thinks we should use scientific methods that assist in family planning." They then go on to quote the Dalai Lama who has noted, "Family planning is crucial, especially in the developing world." From Anglicans to Buddhists to Jews to Southern Baptists to Methodists and my own United Church of Christ, there is remarkable similarity in the statements to this one phrase used by Pope Benedict: "moral responsibility."

While the Catholic Church is not on that list, of course, many Catholics have in effect concluded that they are taking moral responsibility in using contraception. Indeed, "most U.S. Catholics agree contraception is an important tool most Americans have incorporated into their lives as responsible adults. In a study, 90 percent of American Catholic women supported access to contraception at community hospitals. In another survey cited in the same report, 60 percent of American Catholics agreed that it was even acceptable to offer birth control pills to teenagers."

Arguing against further progress in this direction, however, is the Catholic understanding of "natural theology." This is the theology that underlies the papal encyclical Humanae Vitae written by Pope Paul VI and released in 1968. This document re-affirms the traditional teaching of the Catholic Church regarding contraception at a time when the contraceptive pill had become available. It also discusses abortion and other issues pertaining to human life. In sum, the theological basis is that there are certain laws of creation that God as creator has built into the world. Artificial forms of contraception when used in the sexual act impair that order and frustrate the divine design, a design that is naturally procreative. Contravening this order in an artificial way is not only considered wrong, but evil. "Calendar based" contraceptive methods that work with a woman's natural cycle do not contravene the natural order and thus have been permitted.

So where can a way forward be found, if any? The two that suggest themselves from Pope Benedict's remarks are 'intentionality' and 'assuming responsibility.' The intention of women and men in regulating pregnancy would have to become a recognized social good and part of God's intention in giving the gift of procreation in the Catholic view. The other is the related concept of assuming responsibility. As we assume responsibility for our capacity to procreate, we become partners with God in taking care in how we procreate. This is not unlike Pope John Paul II's Laborem exercens of 1981. Work, according to John Paul II, is the primary way human beings participate as co-creators with God. Is it such a stretch to see procreation in the same light?

When I read Pope Benedict's remarks, I began to wonder if it would be possible to connect this earlier papal thinking to the current, admittedly small, opening.

By Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite  |  November 22, 2010; 2:15 PM ET Save & Share:  Send E-mail   Facebook   Twitter   Digg   Yahoo Buzz   Del.icio.us   StumbleUpon   Technorati  
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It's too much to hope for, of course, that the authoress might "move forward" out of her dark ignorance and gain a respect for the sanctity of human life.

Posted by: thebump | November 24, 2010 5:11 AM
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Asking an ignoramus like the authoress to comment on sexual ethics, or on any aspect of Catholic theology, is the height of absurdity.

Also, in the interest of basic journalistic integrity, I demand that the Post replace the above head shot of the authoress with one that is not decades old.

Posted by: thebump | November 24, 2010 5:09 AM
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Sigh. . . . will we EVER progress OUT of Dark Ages IGNORANT religious dogma?
Wafers in Jesus flesh? Sacramental wine literally into Jesus' blood? Exorcism a REAL process instead of prehistoric witchcraft nonsense?

Geeze! Religion = Mankind's Bane.

Posted by: lufrank1 | November 23, 2010 5:55 PM
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Fishcrow:
“you don't "move forward" on a moral issue; it's an absolute.”
All religions that hold claim to an absolute moral codes have different moral codes.
Theft is sometimes okay, if it serves the greater good, killing is okay in certain circumstances, even not honoring your violent, abusive parents is okay in certain(sane) circumstances. Morality is relative to time, place and culture.
Belching loudly in my car on the long commute is fine. In front of my kids, naughty, but funny. In front of my saintly mother, unthinkable. Time, place, culture, context.
Even the RCC itself has redefined or rationalized certain ‘absolutes’ over the centuries.
Morality is defined and adjudicated by the society in which a person resides. If that society bases its morality on a specific religious definition, then that is what will likely be dominant. But it is still relative to other places, other cultures, other periods of time.
As David6 pointed out. Polygamy, incest, animal sacrifices and slaughtering enemies was quite common in OT times and places... Even when Jesus came along he released mankind from some of the old laws/absolutes.
What morality do you perceive as being 'absolute'?

Posted by: gladerunner | November 23, 2010 4:14 PM
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Here's my reading, a bit unfair but accurate. Male prostitutes can use condoms, but mothers, even mothers of many, who try to avoid unwanted pregnancies, cannot. And this passes for progress in Catholic thinking?

The convoluted logic that makes one form of birth control "natural" and the other a violation of God's plan is articficial theology that has nothing to do with religion that connects to real spirituality but is a removed, esoteric and jesuitical thinking that is more killing of life than any spermicidal condom could ever be.

Posted by: JosephGAnthony | November 23, 2010 4:03 PM
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Fishcrow

Morality has never been absolute. That's a silly claim that people make when they have no understanding of history.

The Bible is an excellent example of both change in moral teachings over time and an example of morality that we have moved beyond.

Posted by: david6 | November 23, 2010 3:38 PM
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Thistlewaite: the fact that you agree with the Pope that the case is an exception validates that the rule is absolute. This is the correct definition of the phrase "the exception that proves the rule."

You cannot have an exception unless there is an absolute rule.

Posted by: fishcrow | November 23, 2010 2:59 PM
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Thistlewaite: you don't "move forward" on a moral issue; it's an absolute.

Posted by: fishcrow | November 23, 2010 2:56 PM
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Actually, perhaps I should take back some of my earlier remarks. Benedict clarified that he meant say that his remarks on condoms applied to female as well as male sex workers. I still think the Church's teaching on sexuality is far too restrictive, but this is now an important step.

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/world/europe/24pope.html?hp

Posted by: weiwentg | November 23, 2010 2:36 PM
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I am still waiting for meaningful insight into how the Church can assist in the real and deepening human dispair, hunger, and isolation of modern life. Leave all of this other stuff alone...modern civilizations already know and approve of condoms, etc. etc. etc.

Posted by: fairness3 | November 23, 2010 1:27 PM
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It is unfortunate that the pope is going where no pope should go or has gone before on social issues instead of Bible doctrine and faith in God by believing in the Lord Jesus Christ.

Catholics disaffection is related to the church not publishing rigorous studies of the Catholic faith in relation to philosophical and scientific research in physics and astrophysicist. Most priests in the church are very intelligent and highly educated.

In a press release from Geneva researchers claimed a breakthrough in solving one of the biggest riddles in physics, successfully trapping the first “anti-atom” in a quest to understand what happened to all the antimatter that has vanish since the Big Bang.

The study involves finding that indicate matter and antimatter were created in equal amount at the moment of the Big Bang. Since then antimatter seems to have disappeared from the universe while matter went on to become the building blocks of everything that exists and antimatter has all but disappeared except in the lab.

The phenomenon of antimatter is that it immediately disappears upon creation of matter. When atoms made of antimatter contact atoms of matter, there is burst of energy upon contact and the antimatter disappears immediately upon their creations. Researchers have now captured anti-protons mixed in a vacuum to create anti-hydrogen atoms.

In an overwhelming epiphany of insight to creation science has discovered antimatter that is the residual scientific evidence of the word of God. According to the Bible in the book of John, “In the beginning was the Word” or in scientific terms the Big Bang when the physic of matter became the building block of everything that exists.

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made. In him was life; and the life was the light of men. And the light shines in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not.”

Posted by: klausdmk | November 23, 2010 12:50 PM
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Will he now order his known pervert priests to use them?

Posted by: areyousaying | November 23, 2010 12:50 PM
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Does Christianity do anything to promote spiritual enlightenment? No, it doesn't. Millions of people are being misguided.

Posted by: LifeBeforePrinciple | November 23, 2010 12:29 PM
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Given his track record, the pope has no moral authority

Posted by: wireman65 | November 23, 2010 10:58 AM
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"Seems to me the condom is the idol of modern society"
No, the RCC is the Idol. Condoms are merely an effective method of reducing the spread of certain STD's. They are not perfect, no. But since the church has failed so miserably in getting people to adhere to chastity the use of condoms is far, far better than not using them.
You guys talk a lot about the failure rate, but you rarely, if ever mention the success rate.
But don't worry, if God really, really wants the desperately impoverished people in Africa to make more babies, surely the infallible, all powerful creator of the universe isn't going to let a thin layer of latex get in the way.

Posted by: gladerunner | November 23, 2010 10:32 AM
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I think the Pope just had to capitulate about so much pressure with the - now glorified - condoms. Seems to me the condom is the idol of modern society, the panacea against STD spread, but it only takes a failure rate to allow for the continued spread of STD's if people keeps behaving the way they do today.

Posted by: GSeeker | November 22, 2010 6:53 PM
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