Thomas J. Reese, S.J.
Jesuit priest, Senior fellow Woodstock Theological Center

Thomas J. Reese, S.J.

Former editor of the Catholic weekly magazine "America", Reese is the author of "Inside the Vatican: The Politics and Organization of the Catholic Church."

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“Seventy Times Seven”

The parable of the Prodigal Son teaches us that God is a kind, compassionate and forgiving Father. Anyone who comes to God as a repentant sinner will be forgiven.

Jesus also made clear that we are to forgive those who sin against us. “How many times,” asks St. Peter, “Seven times?” “Seventy times seven,” responds Jesus in Matthew 18. In another parable he tells of the official who is forgiven a great debt and then punishes someone who cannot pay him a smaller debt. When the king finds out, he punishes the official. Or as Jesus teaches us in the Lord’s Prayer, “Forgive us on trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us.” Considering how difficult it is to forgive, that is not a very smart prayer for us to keep repeating.

Thus the bias of the Christian community must be toward forgiveness. At the same time, the church has taught us that true repentance involves more than words. It involves a confession of guilt, sorrow for the offense, a firm commitment not to sin again, an attempt to right the wrong (restitution) and penance. Too often political apologies sound like “I am sorry that I was caught,” or “I am sorry you were offended,” or “I didn’t know what I was doing,” or “I didn’t do anything wrong, but as part of a plea bargain I have to plead guilty.” Asking for forgiveness when you are not really sorry and have no intention of reforming your life is a lie.

Most sins are not a single act isolated from the person’s life as a whole. In the case of Imus, there was a pattern of contempt for individuals and groups that preceded his comment on the Rutgers team. Any good confessor would challenge him to reflect on these attitudes and patterns (what we traditionally have called vices). He should be challenged not simply to be sorry for this one incident but to turn his whole life around. That this pattern was ignored by his networks, his advertisers and his audience shows a hardness of heart that also needs conversion.

The South African truth and reconciliation commission was very Catholic in requiring the confession of guilt before receiving amnesty. Amnesty for human rights offenses without confession is not Christian; it is a political cover-up.

In seeking forgiveness, Christians must also make sure that asking for forgiveness does not revictimize the victim. The classic case is the drunk who beats his wife and asks for forgiveness when he is sober, but then does it again and again. While in the past, pastors might tell a woman to repeatedly forgive her abusive husband, today we realize that the community has an obligation to protect her from this abuse. She has every right to kick her abusive husband out.

We must also be careful not to revictimize victims by asking them to forgive us. For example, Catholic bishops must be careful when asking victims of sexual abuse to forgive them. Sometimes it is better to say “I am sorry,” rather than to say “Please forgive me.” Asking for forgiveness can sometimes unfairly put a burden on the victim that they are not yet ready to handle.

Likewise Christians must be careful in how they speak to Jews about the actions or inactions of Christians during the holocaust. Contemporary Jews will rightly point out that the only people who can grant forgiveness (the victims) are no longer here. Better to say, “We are sorry.”

Granting forgiveness does not magically restore the world to the way it was before the sin took place. The ripples that sin sends through the world are almost impossible to stop. Nor does forgiveness mean that the sinner should not be punished or should be restored to all the privileges he had before he sinned.

If the Rutgers team forgives Imus, that should not clear the way for him going back on the air. Likewise the Catholic bishops recognized that priests who abused children had to be removed from ministry even if they had reformed their lives and could be good priests.

God can forgive, Christians are called to forgive, but in this world, sin has consequences.

By Thomas J. Reese, S.J.  |  April 27, 2007; 8:03 AM ET Save & Share:  Send E-mail   Facebook   Twitter   Digg   Yahoo Buzz   Del.icio.us   StumbleUpon   Technorati  
Previous: "Sorry" Doesn't Get it Done | Next: Apology Easier Said Than Done

Comments

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Mr. Reese, do you really believe this or is it like the rest of your belief system {cafeteria Ctholicism}, to be discarded when it gets uncomfortable?

Posted by: Bill L | May 6, 2007 8:46 PM
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Father Reese,

Thank you very much for your wonderful post. I have e mailed it to certain people (Catholics like me indeed) who seem to be very confused on the matter of true forgiveness, repentance and reconciliation.

All too often forgiveness and repentance are reduced to some sort of fake polite civility, and with that countless opportunities for true reconciliation are lost, traded off for that which is fake, practical, convenient, expedient.

Reconciliation is further complicated by several factors and the process is not infrequently manipulated for sinful ends.

Memory is one of those key factors specially after many years have passed. Sometimes people truly do not remember, yet other times, when what has occured is exceptionally dramatic, it's impossible to believe that they don't.

Indeed, I have experienced a situation where (1) the victim is made out to be as guilty as the perpretator driven by the rationale that we are all sinners, as if that applied equally to all; (2) where the supporters of the victim forget the atrocity because as years have passed they have come to share the values of the perpetrator who has managed to fit well in society; (3) where in order not to wound, say those who were child victims, the sins committed are covered up and the child is told that both victim and perpetrator are to blame equally; leading the child to form an alliance with the perpetrator; (4) where all refuse to discuss it because it happened so long ago.

If others have experienced stumbling blocks such as the one I describe on the path to reconciliation, as I suspect in one way or another, many have, then this world is indeed quite burried in sin. Perpetrators use time as a way to hide their crimes and continue to deceive, since it seems so easy to do and to get away with.

Tragically, people die without anything resolved, and the original sin is deepened and turned into a web.

I think Jesus was quite aware of the complex consequences of sin, and tried, to steer us way from that when he addressed forgiveness and repentance. He still tries yet many want justive without mercy, or mercy that contradicts justice.

You have said it better than I. Thank you again.

Posted by: Anonymous | April 29, 2007 6:41 PM
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J Daley -

I think you learn more going through RCIA after you have joined the Church and more each time through. I'd like to start an ongoing program to help more adults continue their education - but I am still working on it.

Posted by: BigD | April 27, 2007 6:06 PM
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Jacob:

"I got hit by a car by an old man who had a heart attack behing the wheel and drove dead into me as I was playing "Stick Ball."

Gosh -what a horrible thing to go through. It must have slammed you down HARD. Did you lose conciousness? Have you had an MRI or EEG?

Posted by: Anonymous | April 27, 2007 5:33 PM
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Good to "see" you, BigD. I agree that we need to do a better job educating our people. I participate in my parish's RCIA program (am pretty new at it), and do my best to be both thorough and compassionate. I've realized in this program how very much I have to learn myself. Keep up good work.

Posted by: J. Daley | April 27, 2007 2:16 PM
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Big.D:

"need to do a much better job educating their people"

I'm from the South. We call it "Revival" : )

Posted by: Anonymous | April 27, 2007 11:24 AM
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Annonymous -

I don't know! It is a very sad day in Mexico. How something like this passes in a country supposedly 90% Catholic - beyond me. I know there are some appeals but I was quite shocked. One of our parish priests is from Mexico and he also can't explain it. It brings me back to a point on here I make sometimes that all Christians, including Catholics, need to do a much better job educating their people.

Posted by: BigD | April 26, 2007 5:52 PM
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A History of Disbelief
26 Apr 2007 09:23 am

Shhh. There's an upcoming PBS show that's atheistic in its approach to religion. Pharyngula has the scoop. Jonathan Miller, the program's author, is an extraordinarily civilized and brillant chap.


Posted by: Anonymous | April 26, 2007 1:10 PM
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BIGD,

What"s happening to the good Catholics of Mexico?

"Mexico City's Legislature Votes to Legalize Abortion

By Manuel Roig-Franzia
Washington Post Foreign Service
Wednesday, April 25, 2007; Page A11

MEXICO CITY, April 24 -- After months of furious debate and threats of excommunication by the Catholic Church, Mexico City's legislative assembly on Tuesday overwhelmingly voted to legalize abortion for the first time in the capital's history."

Posted by: Anonymous | April 26, 2007 12:55 PM
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Viejita del oeste-

I believe Rev. Reese's made the point in your last sentence exactly when he said:

"At the same time, the church has taught us that true repentance involves more than words. It involves a confession of guilt, sorrow for the offense, a firm commitment not to sin again, an attempt to right the wrong (restitution) and penance. Too often political apologies sound like “I am sorry that I was caught,” or “I am sorry you were offended,” or “I didn’t know what I was doing,” or “I didn’t do anything wrong, but as part of a plea bargain I have to plead guilty.” Asking for forgiveness when you are not really sorry and have no intention of reforming your life is a lie."

Posted by: BigD | April 25, 2007 5:12 PM
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"Granting forgiveness does not magically restore the world to the way it was before the sin took place."
Exactly. And when forgiveness is seen as a license to keep behaving hurtfully, it too often leads to calls for vengeance from those who were victimized.

Posted by: Viejita del oeste | April 25, 2007 2:09 PM
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